You know the moment. You’re brushing your teeth and examining your smile in the mirror, only to notice red splotches throughout your mouth. Or maybe you spit in the sink after flossing and think, “Why are my gums bleeding?” Bleeding gums are common, but they’re also your body’s way of letting you know to investigate further. And no, it doesn’t have to do with your dentist poking you with sharp dental instruments — though we do love that meme that goes a little like this: 

Dentist: *stabs my gums with a metal hook*

Dentist: Your gums are bleeding because you don’t floss

While it may not be a serious issue, bleeding gums are important to address. Healthy gums should not bleed regularly. The good news is that there are steps you can take to help with this. Noticing blood can be the first sign of gum disease or other oral health issues, so if your gums are bleeding, you’re in the right place.

Let’s take a closer look at why gums bleed, what you can do at home, and when to see your dentist.

What is the explanation for bleeding gums?

Gums bleed when they’re irritated, inflamed, or injured. Sometimes it’s a temporary reaction, from something like brushing a little too hard. But bleeding can also be an early warning sign of gingivitis, the first stage of gum disease. Left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more serious condition that can affect the bone supporting your teeth.

If your gums are bleeding more than just occasionally, it’s a good idea to schedule a dental visit to rule out underlying issues.

Common Causes of Bleeding Gums

There are several reasons why you may notice bleeding when brushing or flossing. Explore the most common causes to discover what might be happening below the surface.

1. Gingivitis

This is the most common cause of bleeding gums. Plaque builds up on your teeth, irritating the gumline and causing redness, swelling, and bleeding. Gingivitis is reversible with proper care, but it’s important to catch it early. 

What you can do: Starting a more regular brushing and flossing routine can make a big difference. Aim for brushing at least twice a day and flossing morning and night to see if that helps curb the bleeding. If you haven’t had a teeth cleaning in six months or more, you can call to make an appointment. Your dentist can also prescribe antibacterial mouthwash to treat gingivitis. 

2. Brushing Too Hard

When’s the last time you looked closely at your toothbrush? The American Dental Association recommends replacing your toothbrush or toothbrush head every 3-4 months. And when you do, check to see if you’re buying a hard-bristled brush. Firm pressure from your toothbrush can damage delicate gum tissue. 

What you can do: Give the aggressive brushing a rest. A soft-bristled brush and gentle technique are usually enough to keep your teeth clean.

3. New Flossing Habits

If you’ve just started flossing again after a long break, your gums may bleed for a week or two. As the tissues get healthier, the bleeding should subside.

What you can do: Keep flossing! You’re doing great!

4. Medications

Certain medications, such as blood thinners, can increase the likelihood of gum bleeding. If you’re taking prescriptions and notice changes in your gums, mention it to your dentist.

What you can do: Continue taking your medications as prescribed and inform your dentist. Your dentist will work with you to come up with a plan that works for you. 

5. Hormonal Changes

Pregnancy, puberty, and menopause can all affect gum sensitivity and increase bleeding. This is sometimes called “pregnancy gingivitis.”

What you can do: Keep your teeth cleaning appointments, even while pregnant and postpartum. Adjust brushing and flossing habits to help overcome gum changes. 

6. Poorly Fitting Restorations or Appliances

Crowns, bridges, or dentures that don’t fit well can irritate the gums and cause bleeding.

What you can do: Have your dentist inspect any appliances you have to identify areas of irritation. They can let you know for sure if bleeding gums are being made worse because of an appliance, or if there are other causes. 

How to Prevent Bleeding Gums

The good news is that in many cases, bleeding gums can be improved with small changes at home and support from your dental team. Here are some steps you can take to help:

1. Brush gently twice a day with a soft-bristle toothbrush. Some people choose to brush after meals, as well.
2. Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth and along the gumline. If you find string floss challenging or uninteresting, try a water flosser. Flossing before bed can be especially helpful. And if you can add in a morning session, that’s great!
3. Use an antibacterial mouthwash if recommended by your dentist.
4. Maintain regular dental cleanings, which remove tartar buildup and plaque that brushing and flossing can’t clear.
5. Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins C and K, which support gum health.
6. Avoid tobacco products, which increase gum disease risk.

If you take all of these steps and bleeding isn’t clearing up, schedule a visit to your dentist to determine if professional treatment is needed.

Other Factors to Consider

Sometimes bleeding gums are linked to issues beyond oral hygiene. These can include:

• Systemic health conditions such as diabetes or clotting disorders
• Vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin C
• Stress, which can impact your body’s ability to fight infection
• Family history, since genetics can influence gum disease risk

This is why it’s important not to ignore ongoing bleeding gums. Your dentist can help identify the cause while taking your family history and overall health into consideration.

Schedule an Appointment

If bleeding gums are causing you stress, the next best step is to make an appointment with your dentist. Even if the cause is simple, it’s nice to have peace of mind. And if it is an early sign of gum disease, addressing it now can prevent bigger problems down the road.

At our practice, we take the time to listen to your concerns, explain our findings, and guide you toward the best solution. Our goal is to help you feel comfortable, cared for, and confident in your oral health.

Healthy gums are the foundation of a healthy smile. If you’re experiencing bleeding, let’s work together to identify the cause and restore your gums to good health.

FAQs About Bleeding Gums

Do bleeding gums mean gum disease?

Not always. Bleeding gums can be caused by brushing too hard, new flossing habits, or irritation from dental appliances. However, frequent bleeding is often an early sign of gingivitis, which is the first stage of gum disease. It’s best to have your dentist check.

When should I worry about bleeding gums?

If your gums bleed regularly, especially if they’re also swollen, red, or tender, it’s a good idea to consult your dentist. Bleeding that doesn’t improve with gentle brushing and flossing after two weeks should always be evaluated.

Can stress cause bleeding gums?

Yes. Stress can weaken your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off gum infections. Managing stress, along with good oral hygiene, can help alleviate symptoms. Easier said than done, but it’s worth considering.

What helps bleeding gums fast?

Brushing gently with a soft toothbrush, flossing daily, and rinsing with an antibacterial mouthwash can all help reduce bleeding. But the most effective solution is a professional cleaning to remove tartar buildup. 

Should I keep flossing if my gums bleed?

It may seem counterintuitive, but the answer is yes. Regular flossing can help bleeding gums heal. If you stop, plaque and bacteria will continue to irritate your gums. Stick with daily flossing, and the bleeding often improves within one to two weeks.

Can children get bleeding gums?

Yes. Kids and teens can experience bleeding gums from poor oral hygiene, orthodontic appliances, or gum disease. If your child’s gums are bleeding regularly, it’s best to consult a family dentist.